Knock Knees
What are Knock Knees?
Knock knees, also known as genu valgum, is a medical condition where a child’s knees tilt inward while their ankles remain spaced apart when standing. This condition is a normal part of growth and development, often observed in children, especially toddlers. Knock knees typically resolve on their own by the time a child is 7 or 8 years old.
Who are at Risk of Developing Knock knees?
It is normal for children aged between 2 and 4 years old to have their knees turned slightly inwards. This condition typically improves as the child grows.
Causes of Knock Knees
Having knock knees is a normal part of growth and development, as the inward tilt of the knees can help a child maintain balance, especially when learning how to walk. However, there are other potential causes of knock knees, such as:
- Injuries to the knees and legs
- Bone infections/ diseases
- Arthritis
- Obesity
- Skeletal dysplasia
- Rickets
Signs and Symptoms of Knock Knees
The most noticeable sign of knock knees is when a child stands with their knees touching and their ankles apart. Other key symptoms include:
- Unusual walking pattern
- Limping
- Outward rotation of the feet
What if Knock Knees Are Left Untreated?
Knock knees will naturally correct itself as the child grows and develop. However, if the condition persists and is left untreated, it can lead to further complications such as knee pain, meniscal tears, patellar dislocations, or arthritis.
When Should I Seek Medical Help?
Since knock knees can be outgrown, not all cases require medical attention. However, consult your healthcare provider if you notice your child displaying any of the following symptoms:
- Knee or hip pain
- Knock knees present before the age of 2 or after the age of 7
- Asymmetry of legs
- An unusual walking pattern
Treatment Options
The treatment for knock knees depends on the severity of the condition and any underlying causes. If your child has severe or persistent knock knees, your healthcare provider will first assess whether the condition is linked to another underlying issue, and then recommend the appropriate treatment options.
Non-surgical treatments
Some non-surgical treatment options that may be recommended include:
- Physiotherapy
This can be effective for treating mild to moderate knock knees by strengthening the muscles around the knee joint, thereby improving stability and alignment. - Orthotics
Custom-made orthotic insoles can provide extra support to the feet and enhance overall alignment. - Bracing
Knee braces or orthopaedic devices can help guide the knees into a normal alignment as the child grows.
Surgical treatments
Surgery may be recommended as an alternative treatment option for severe cases of knock knees. Some surgical procedures include:
- Guided growth surgery
Guided growth surgery is a procedure that aims to correct knock knees by slowing the growth of the bent side of the bone, allowing the other side to catch up and achieve proper alignment.
- Osteotomy
This procedure aims to address severe deformities or persistent knock knees by cutting and realigning the bone above or below the knee. It helps to straighten the legs by altering the angle of the bones.