Arthroplasty in Singapore

Living with severe joint pain can affect your daily activities and quality of life. Joint problems may make tasks such as climbing stairs, performing simple movements, or participating in recreational activities more difficult. Arthroplasty, commonly known as joint replacement surgery, is a surgical procedure in which damaged joint surfaces are replaced with artificial components. Our Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon has experiences in arthroplasty procedures, helping patients improve mobility.

Dr Zackary Chua

Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon (Adult & Paeds)

MBBS (Aus)MMed (SG)MRCS (Glasgow)FRCSEd (Orth)

Suitability Techniques Process Recovery Benefits Risks Cost FAQ Conclusion

What is Arthroplasty?

Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a damaged joint with an artificial joint, called a prosthesis. The term “arthroplasty” comes from the Greek words “arthro” (joint) and “plasty” (to form or shape). During this procedure, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from the joint and replaces them with prosthetic components made from metal, plastic, or ceramic materials.

The procedure is most commonly performed on weight-bearing joints such as the hip, knee, and shoulder, though it can also be done on other joints including the ankle, elbow, and fingers. Depending on the patient’s condition and the procedure performed, arthroplasty may help manage joint problems, support mobility, and assist in restoring movement in the affected joint.

Modern arthroplasty techniques use prosthetic designs intended to replicate natural joint movement. The procedure may provide benefits for some patients, though individual results can vary.

Ideal Candidates

Patients with severe joint pain that may limit daily activities despite conservative treatments
Individuals with significant joint damage visible on X-rays or imaging studies
Those experiencing joint stiffness that restricts normal range of motion
Patients with arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis)
People whose joint pain interferes with sleep or rest
Individuals who have not responded to non-surgical treatments like medications, physiotherapy, or injections
Patients with joint deformity affecting function and alignment
Generally healthy individuals who can undergo surgery and participate in rehabilitation

Contraindications

Active joint infection or systemic infection
Severe peripheral vascular disease affecting healing
Significant medical conditions that make surgery high-risk
Inadequate bone stock to support the prosthesis
Neuromuscular disorders affecting the joint

The decision for arthroplasty requires careful evaluation by an orthopaedic surgeon. Each patient’s unique circumstances, including age, activity level, overall health, and specific joint condition, are considered to determine if joint replacement may be appropriate.

Treatment Techniques & Approaches

Total Joint Replacement

Total joint replacement involves replacing both sides of the damaged joint with prosthetic components. For example, in total knee replacement, both the femoral (thighbone) and tibial (shinbone) surfaces are replaced. This approach is typically used when the entire joint is affected by arthritis or damage. Depending on the patient’s condition, total joint replacement may help manage joint problems and support joint function.

Partial Joint Replacement

Partial or unicompartmental replacement involves replacing only the damaged portion of the joint while preserving healthy tissue. This option may be considered for patients with localised joint damage, such as arthritis affecting only one part of the joint. Partial replacement can be performed through smaller incisions, and recovery times may vary between individuals.

Minimally Invasive Arthroplasty

Minimally invasive techniques use smaller incisions and specialised instruments to perform joint replacement. Depending on the patient and procedure, this approach may help limit tissue disruption, reduce blood loss, and support post-operative recovery.

Technology & Equipment Used

Modern arthroplasty may use computer-assisted navigation systems and patient-specific instrumentation to assist with implant positioning. Prosthetic components are made from biocompatible materials, including titanium, cobalt-chromium alloys, and highly cross-linked polyethylene. These materials are intended to provide durability and support joint movement, though individual outcomes may vary.

Wondering which approach is suitable for you?

Our Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon will evaluate your specific needs and recommend the most suitable technique.

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The Treatment Process

Pre-Treatment Preparation

Before arthroplasty, patients undergo comprehensive evaluation including blood tests, imaging studies, and medical clearance. You’ll meet with the anaesthesiologist to discuss anaesthesia options and address any concerns. Pre-operative physiotherapy may be recommended to strengthen muscles around the joint. Patients are advised to prepare their home for recovery, arranging for assistance and installing safety equipment like grab bars if needed. Smoking cessation and weight optimisation are encouraged as these factors may support recovery and overall health.

During the Procedure

On the day of surgery, you’ll receive anaesthesia (general or regional) based on your surgeon’s recommendation and medical condition. The surgeon makes an incision to access the joint, removes damaged cartilage and bone, and prepares the remaining bone to receive the prosthetic components. The artificial joint components are then carefully positioned and secured using bone cement or press-fit techniques. The surgeon tests joint movement and stability before closing the incision with sutures or staples. Arthroplasty procedures generally take 1–3 hours, depending on the joint and procedure complexity.

Immediate Post-Treatment

After surgery, you’ll be monitored in the recovery room as anaesthesia wears off. Pain management begins immediately with medications to keep you comfortable. Physiotherapy often starts within 24 hours to promote circulation and prevent stiffness. The surgical team monitors for any complications and ensures proper wound healing. Depending on the procedure and individual factors, patients may begin bearing weight on the new joint with assistance shortly after surgery.

Recovery & Aftercare

First 24-48 Hours

Initial recovery focuses on pain management and early mobilisation. You’ll work with physiotherapists to perform gentle exercises and may take your first steps with a walker or crutches. Ice packs help reduce swelling, and medications manage pain effectively. The surgical dressing is monitored for any signs of bleeding or infection. Blood thinners may be prescribed to prevent clots, and compression devices promote circulation.
First Week

During the first week, you’ll continue physiotherapy exercises to improve strength and range of motion. Most patients can shower with waterproof dressings protecting the incision. Walking distances gradually increase, and you’ll learn to navigate stairs safely. Pain may decrease over time, though some discomfort with activity is common. Follow-up appointments ensure proper healing and address any concerns. Home health services may assist with exercises and daily activities if needed.
Long-term Recovery

Full recovery from arthroplasty typically takes 3-6 months, though improvement continues for up to a year. Regular physiotherapy helps restore strength, flexibility, and function. Some patients may return to low-impact activities like walking, swimming, and cycling within 6-12 weeks, depending on individual recovery. High-impact activities may need to be modified or avoided to protect the prosthesis. Regular follow-up appointments monitor implant function and overall progress. Modern joint replacements may last 15–20 years or longer, though longevity can vary based on individual factors.

Our Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon provides post-procedure support to guide towards recovery.

Schedule your consultation to learn more about what to expect.

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Benefits of Arthroplasty

Arthroplasty may help manage joint problems and, for some patients, reduce pain and support improve mobility. Some patients may experience improvements in mobility that support participation in daily activities and certain recreational pursuits.

Arthroplasty may support joint function and alignment, which can have secondary benefits such as assisting with movement patterns. Some patients may notice improvements in sleep, daily independence, or confidence in physical activities, though experiences vary individually.

Arthroplasty may support joint alignment and mechanics, which could reduce stress on surrounding joints. Modern prostheses are designed for durability, though individual results and longevity can vary based on activity, care, and other factors.

Common Side Effects

Most patients experience temporary swelling and bruising around the surgical site, which gradually resolves over several weeks. Mild to moderate pain during the initial recovery period is normal and well-managed with medications. Some stiffness in the joint is expected initially but improves with physiotherapy. Temporary muscle weakness around the joint is common but strengthens with rehabilitation exercises.

Rare Complications

While uncommon, potential complications include infection (less than 2% of cases), blood clots in the legs or lungs, and prosthesis loosening over time. Nerve or blood vessel injury during surgery is rare but possible. Some patients may experience persistent stiffness or instability in the replaced joint. Leg length discrepancy can occur with hip replacement but is usually minor and manageable.

Our surgeon uses established surgical techniques and post-operative care protocols to manage risks. Careful patient evaluation and adherence to rehabilitation guidelines aim to support recovery and reduce the likelihood of complications.

Cost Considerations

The cost of arthroplasty varies based on several factors including the specific joint being replaced, the type of prosthesis used, and the complexity of your condition. Costs typically include surgeon fees, hospital charges, anaesthesia, prosthetic implants, and post-operative physiotherapy. The choice between standard and specialised implants can affect overall expenses.

Additional considerations include pre-operative tests, medications, and any assistive devices needed during recovery. The length of hospital stay and extent of rehabilitation services required also influence total costs.
Costs can vary depending on the type of prosthesis, hospital stay, and rehabilitation services required. During your consultation, you will receive a breakdown of anticipated costs based on your specific treatment plan. Outcomes and recovery experiences vary between patients.

Arthroplasty

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does an arthroplasty procedure typically take?

The duration of arthroplasty surgery varies depending on the joint being replaced and the complexity of the case. Most procedures take between 1-3 hours. Hip and knee replacements typically take 1-2 hours, while more complex revisions or multiple joint procedures may take longer. Your surgeon will provide a more accurate timeframe based on your specific situation during the consultation.

When can I return to normal activities after joint replacement?

Recovery timelines vary by individual and the specific joint replaced. Recovery timelines vary by individual and the specific joint replaced. Some patients may resume light daily activities within 3–6 weeks and return to work within 6–12 weeks, depending on job requirements. Low-impact exercises such as walking and swimming may be possible within 6–8 weeks. Full recovery and return to more demanding activities can take 3–6 months, though experiences vary. Your surgeon will guide your activity progression based on your healing progress.

How long do artificial joints last?

Modern joint replacements are designed for longevity. Modern joint replacements are designed for longevity, but individual lifespan can vary. Factors affecting implant durability include patient age, activity level, weight, and implant type. Younger, more active patients may experience more wear over time. Regular follow-ups help monitor implant condition and identify any issues early.

Will I need to take special precautions after joint replacement?

Yes, certain precautions are recommended to help protect your new joint. These may include avoiding high-impact activities, maintaining a healthy weight, and following specific movement restrictions initially. Hip replacement patients may need to avoid certain positions temporarily. Long-term, it is important to inform healthcare providers about your joint replacement before dental work or other procedures. Your surgeon will provide guidance specific to your situation.

Can both joints be replaced at the same time?

Bilateral (both sides) joint replacement can be performed simultaneously in selected patients. This approach requires careful patient selection based on overall health, age, and fitness level. This approach may allow a single recovery period and anaesthesia exposure. Recovery can be more challenging initially, and experiences vary by individual. Recovery can be more challenging initially. Your surgeon will assess whether you’re a suitable candidate for bilateral replacement based on comprehensive evaluation.

What type of anaesthesia is used for arthroplasty?

Arthroplasty can be performed under general anaesthesia (where you’re completely asleep) or regional anaesthesia (spinal or epidural block that numbs the lower body). The choice depends on the specific joint, your medical condition, and preferences. Regional anaesthesia may be used in some cases and could help manage post-operative recovery, depending on individual factors. Your healthcare provider will discuss the most suitable option during pre-operative consultation.

Conclusion

Arthroplasty is a surgical option for managing severe joint damage and may help some patients improve joint function and mobility. Modern prosthetic designs and established surgical techniques are used to support recovery, alongside structured post-operative rehabilitation programmes. Outcomes vary depending on individual factors such as the patient’s condition, overall health, and adherence to rehabilitation. If joint pain is affecting your daily life, arthroplasty may be considered as part of a treatment plan to support joint function and potentially improve quality of life.

Ready to Take the Next Step?

If you’re considering arthroplasty, our Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon can help you understand if it’s suitable for you. With experience in joint replacement surgery, we provide personalised care throughout your journey.

Book Your Consultation Today

Dr Zackary Chua (蔡克祥医生)

Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon (Adult & Paeds)

MBBS (AUS)|MMed (Singapore)|MRCS (Glasgow)|FRCSEd (Orth)

A senior consultant orthopaedic surgeon with dual specialisations in Foot & Ankle Surgery and Paediatric Orthopaedics. Backed by his extensive years of training and experience, Dr Chua brings the necessary knowledge and skills to ensure a smooth recovery journey.

Rooted firmly by two fundamental philosophies: “When one’s feet hurt, one hurts all over” and “Children are not little adults”, Dr Chua’s approach to patient care reflects his compassionate care for adults and children.

Singhealth Quality Excellence Award – Silver (2011)
Service From the Heart Award (2021)
Singapore Health Quality Service Award – Gold (2023)
NUS Medicine Dean’s Award for Teaching Excellence (2023)

His active participation in the medical community extends to mentoring, research supervision, and contributions to key professional forums and symposiums, both locally and internationally.